Filed 6/27/23 P. v. Acevedo CA3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
(Sacramento)
----
THE PEOPLE, C097122
Plaintiff and Respondent, (Super. Ct. No. 17FE022399)
v.
JUNIOR JEREMIAH ACEVEDO,
Defendant and Appellant.
Defendant Junior Jeremiah Acevedo pled no contest to one count of unlawful
sexual penetration of a minor and one count of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor
in exchange for 365 days in jail and five years of formal probation. Defendant was
advised he would be required to register as a sex offender under Penal Code1 section 290.
1 Undesignated section references are to the Penal Code.
1
Following the enactment of Senate Bill No. 145 (2019-2020 Reg. Sess.) (Stats.
2020, ch. 79, § 2), defendant filed a motion to modify a condition of his probation.
Defendant argued Senate Bill No. 145 applies retroactively to him and exempts him from
mandatory sex offender registration under section 290 because he was not more than 10
years older than the minor when the unlawful sexual penetration offense occurred (§ 290,
subd. (c)(2)). He requested that the trial court “delete the condition of probation that he
be required to register as a sex offender.” The trial court denied the motion. Defendant
appeals.
We affirm. We conclude the mandatory sex offender registration requirement was
not imposed as a condition of probation. The trial court thus did not err in denying
defendant’s section 1203.3, subdivision (a) motion. We decline defendant’s request to
construe his motion as a petition for writ of habeas corpus. As we explain, the record
does not conclusively establish that defendant is exempt from discretionary sex offender
registration under section 290.006 as a matter of law.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In 2018, at the hearing during which defendant entered his plea, defendant’s
counsel laid out the terms of the plea agreement and the prosecutor informed the court,
“[T]his is a [section] 290 . . . registration case.” The prosecutor then laid out the
stipulated factual basis for the plea, which included that the unlawful sexual penetration
victim was 15 years old and defendant was 18 years old at the time of the offense. The
trial court advised defendant of the consequences arising from pleading no contest to the
charges, including that defendant would “be required to register as a convicted sex
offender within the meaning of . . . [s]ection 290 for the remainder of [his] life.” After
defendant said he understood the consequences and confirmed his intent to enter the plea,
the trial court accepted the plea.
At the imposition of judgment and sentencing hearing, the trial court confirmed
the parties’ agreement “at the time of the change of plea was five years [of] formal
2
probation and 365 days county jail, [section] 290 registration.” The trial court said it
would not “disturb the agreement that was reached between the parties in this matter” and
noted, “[W]e have a sex registration requirement that will be imposed.” The trial court
“impose[d] a five-year formal probationary grant [and] sentence[d] . . . defendant to 365
days [in] county jail.” The trial court imposed fees and fines and a requirement that
defendant may not have contact with the named victims2 or associate with any minor,
except for his sister, without an adult being present. The trial court next pronounced:
“The defendant is ordered to register as a convicted sex offender within the meaning of
. . . [s]ection 290 with the sheriff’s or police department. The Court will impose and
suspend term eight on the probation conditions pending successful completion of
probation. [¶] Restitution in an amount to be determined both to the victims as well as
the California Victim’s Compensation Board. Participate in and successfully complete
the certified sex offender management program . . . . The defendant is prohibited from
owning, possessing firearm, ammunition as we discussed during the change of plea.
Electronic search conditions.” The trial court also imposed flash incarceration provisions
and then asked defendant if he accepted the grant of probation. Defendant responded in
the affirmative. The trial court next advised defendant: “Mr. Acevedo, after you’ve
served your time, you have then 48 hours to report to the Sacramento County Probation
Department as you are on formal probation. Okay? It’s a very active grant of probation
that you will be on. They really do supervise these types of cases. Okay? Make sure
you strictly comply with the registration statutes. Okay?” Defendant responded, “Yes,
sir.” The trial court then remanded defendant to serve his sentence.
In 2020, the Legislature enacted Senate Bill No. 145 (2019-2020 Reg. Sess.).
Senate Bill No. 145 amended section 290, subdivision (c)(2) to exempt from mandatory
2 The counts were perpetrated against different victims.
3
sex offender registration a person convicted of certain offenses involving minors if the
person is not more than 10 years older than the minor and if that offense is the only one
requiring the person to register. (Stats. 2020, ch. 79, § 2.) The trial court may, however,
still require such a person to register as a sex offender pursuant to section 290.006 (§ 290,
subd. (c)(2)), “if the court finds at the time of conviction or sentencing that the person
committed the offense as a result of sexual compulsion or for purposes of sexual
gratification” (§ 290.006, subd. (a)).
In 2022, defendant filed a motion under section 1203.3 “to modify the conditions
of his probation” by “delet[ing] the condition of probation that he be required to register
as a sex offender” because the Legislature amended section 290, subdivision (c) “to no
longer require registration for a conviction of . . . section 289[,] subdivision (h) under the
facts of the present case.” Section 1203.3, subdivision (a) provides, “The court has the
authority at any time during the term of probation to revoke, modify, or change its order
of suspension of imposition or execution of sentence.”
At the initial hearing on the motion, the trial court requested supplemental briefing
on whether retroactive application under In re Estrada (1965) 63 Cal.2d 740 “applies to a
case where it’s final, on appeal, but the person is still on probation.” The trial court
addressed defendant’s counsel stating, “If you have a case out there, then you may
convince me to delete the registration requirement.”
At the subsequent hearing, the trial court denied defendant’s motion, explaining it
was “of the view” defendant’s judgment was final in July 2018 and, “[e]ven if that is
wrong, . . . the People have a point of, [the registration requirement] wasn’t part of
probation. At least according to the opposition. [¶] It is like [section] 290 is not a
condition of probation, just statutorily required. And that’s a whole [other] issue, and I
talked about that. [¶] Agencies may not even comply with the court order, even if I did
explore the [section] 290 registration requirement. [¶] And that’s -- is it pronounced
Pinedo? I see that a little different because that was a case where the [L]egislature just
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totally obviated or totally got rid of the narcotic registration requirement. [¶] And
[section] 290 is -- there’s been -- there’s still 20-plus cases that are still subject to the
[section] 290 registration. I don’t know if Pinedo is that helpful for this case. I think it’s
assembled for [section] 290. It’s not punishment. It’s not subject to ex post facto. [¶]
And there’s a lot of cases. The one I cited, the Garcia and Castellanos case from 1990,
from the California Supreme Court, actually confirmed a trial court order and registration
pursuant to [section] 290 for an offense that occurred after -- the offense occurred prior.
[¶] Let me make sure I get -- yeah, [section] 290 is amended after the offense date and
the trial court still ordered registration and the Supreme Court said that’s okay because
it’s not punishable. [¶] And I just don’t think there’s sufficient authority for the Court to
modify probation to exclude the requirement pursuant to . . . Section 290. [¶] So that
request is denied.” 3 (Italics added.)
Defendant appeals.
DISCUSSION
Defendant argues the order denying his request for modification of a probationary
condition is appealable because it affects his substantial rights by requiring him to
register as a sex offender for his lifetime or, alternatively, he requests that we construe his
motion as a petition for writ of habeas corpus. He further argues that because the section
290 registration requirement is punishment and Senate Bill No. 145 went into effect
before his conviction became final, amended section 290, subdivision (c)(2) applies
retroactively to him.
The People argue the trial court properly denied defendant’s motion “because sex
offender registration is not a condition of probation” and “the trial court did not impose
3 It appears the trial court was referring to People v. Pinedo (2021) 66 Cal.App.5th
608 and People v. Castellanos (1999) 21 Cal.4th 785. We are unable to identify a
citation for any pertinent Garcia case from the record.
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the duty to register as a sex offender as a condition of [defendant’s] probation [or] that
[defendant] need only register while he was on probation.”
In reply, defendant argues the record shows the sex offender registration
requirement was imposed as a condition of probation and, “if given discretion”
(capitalization omitted), the trial court would have removed the registration requirement.
Defendant further requests that, if we decline to grant his request for relief, we remand
the matter “with instructions for the trial court to remove the” sex offender registration
requirement unless it exercises its discretion to impose the requirement under section
290.006.
We agree with the People that the trial court did not err in denying the motion
because the sex offender registration requirement was not a condition of probation. The
duty to register as a sex offender is a statutory requirement; it is mandatory. The
registration requirement applies automatically and imposes on each person convicted of
an enumerated offense the obligation to register. (Johnson v. Department of Justice
(2015) 60 Cal.4th 871, 876-877.) “Sex offender registration may not be imposed as a
probation condition.” (People v. Eastman (2018) 26 Cal.App.5th 638, 644, 648, boldface
& capitalization omitted.)
The discussions between the parties and the trial court during the plea and
sentencing hearings show everyone understood the sex offender registration requirement
was a term of the plea agreement and was required pursuant to section 290. The trial
court’s oral pronouncement at the sentencing hearing makes clear that the trial court
advised defendant of his statutory obligation to register as a sex offender; the trial court
did not impose the registration requirement as a condition of probation. At the plea
hearing, the trial court further advised defendant that the registration requirement was
imposed by statute and would be a requirement “for life”—i.e., the registration
requirement was not limited to the term of his probation.
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Defendant’s citation to the record for his assertion that the registration requirement
was a condition of probation is to the “MINUTE ORDER & ORDER OF PROBATION,”
which noted the sex offender registration requirement under the paragraph that states: “It
is ordered that imposition of judgment and sentence be suspended and the defendant
placed on formal probation for a period of 5 years from the date of this order on the
following general and specific terms and conditions.” It is well established, however,
that “[w]hen there is a discrepancy between the oral pronouncement of judgment and the
minute order, the oral pronouncement controls.” (People v. Morales (2014)
224 Cal.App.4th 1587, 1594.)
We decline to treat defendant’s appeal as a petition for writ of habeas corpus. (See
People v. Picklesimer (2010) 48 Cal.4th 330, 339 [a defendant in actual or constructive
custody may challenge his or her obligation to register as a sex offender by filing a
petition for writ of habeas corpus; out-of-custody defendants may seek such relief by
filing a petition for writ of mandate].) As the People appropriately note, even if
defendant is entitled to relief from mandatory sex offender registration under amended
section 290, subdivision (c)(2), as he asserts, the trial court may nonetheless exercise its
discretion to order defendant to continue to register as a sex offender pursuant to section
290.006.4
We disagree with defendant that the record shows the trial court would have
removed the registration requirement but for denying the motion on procedural grounds.
We do not read the trial court’s statements that it “may” be convinced to delete the
4 Our Supreme Court has said that although “section 290.006’s language provides
for discretionary findings to be made ‘at the time of conviction or sentencing,’ ” it had
previously concluded, “[T]he Legislature did not intend by this language to strip courts of
the power to later enter findings in instances where, at the time of conviction or
sentencing, any need for findings was obviated by the existence of a then valid
mandatory registration requirement.” (People v. Picklesimer, supra, 48 Cal.4th at p. 343,
fn. 8.)
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registration requirement if defendant’s case was not final and it did not think it had
sufficient authority to delete the requirement as indicating “a willingness and interest in
granting the motion, absent the procedural concerns,” as defendant asserts. The record
before us does not conclusively establish that defendant is exempt from discretionary
registration as a matter of law. (See People v. Picklesimer, supra, 48 Cal.4th at p. 335
[declining to treat motion challenging sex offender registration requirement as a petition
for writ of mandate because, even if the defendant established the right to relief from
mandatory sex offender registration, the record before it did “not conclusively establish”
that the defendant was exempt from discretionary sex offender registration under
§ 290.006].)
We also decline defendant’s request to remand with instructions for the trial court
to remove the sex offender registration requirement unless it exercises its discretion to
require registration under section 290.006. The question before us on appeal is whether
the trial court erred in denying defendant’s motion to modify a condition of his probation
under section 1203.3, subdivision (a). As explained ante, the trial court did not err in
denying the motion and we have declined to construe the motion as a petition for writ of
habeas corpus. There is thus no basis for us to reach the merits of whether defendant is
entitled to the relief he seeks.
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DISPOSITION
The order denying defendant’s motion to modify a probationary condition is
affirmed.
/s/
ROBIE, Acting P. J.
We concur:
/s/
MAURO, J.
/s/
BOULWARE EURIE, J.
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People v. Acevedo CA3
Combined Opinion