In re MYS.G

2022 IL App (4th) 220146-U

NOS. 4-22-0146, 4-22-0147, 4-22-0148, 4-22-0149, 4-22-0150 cons.
NOTICE IN THE APPELLATE COURT
This Order was filed under FILED
Supreme Court Rule 23 and is June 23, 2022
not precedent except in the
OF ILLINOIS Carla Bender
limited circumstances allowed 4th District Appellate
under Rule 23(e)(1). FOURTH DISTRICT Court, IL

In re MYS.G., A.G., MYL.G., V.G., and D.G., Minors ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
(The People of the State of Illinois, ) Adams County
Petitioner-Appellee, ) Nos. 20JA42
v. ) 20JA43
Anthony G., ) 20JA44
Respondent-Appellant). ) 20JA45
) 20JA46
)
) Honorable
) John C. Wooleyhan,
) Judge Presiding.

JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court.
Justices DeArmond and Steigmann concurred in the judgment.

ORDER
¶1 Held: The appellate court affirmed, holding that (1) respondent forfeited his claim that
the trial court erred in taking judicial notice of certain documents at the
termination hearing and (2) the trial court’s finding that respondent was unfit
based on his failure to make reasonable progress was not against the manifest
weight of the evidence.

¶2 The State filed petitions for adjudication of wardship concerning five minor

siblings: Mys.G. (born July 9, 2011), A.G. (born October 12, 2012), Myl.G. (born August 16,

2014), V.G. (March 10, 2017), and D.G. (born July 12, 2018). The minors were adjudicated

neglected. Thereafter, the State filed a petition to terminate the parental rights of the minors’
parents, Victoria G. and Anthony G. The trial court found Victoria G. and Anthony G. to be unfit

and further found that it was in the minors’ best interests to terminate their parental rights.

¶3 Respondent Anthony G. appeals, arguing the trial court erred in (1) taking judicial

notice of “the entire court file” at the termination hearing and (2) finding him unfit based on his

failure to make reasonable progress. We affirm.

¶4 I. BACKGROUND

¶5 On May 14, 2020, the State filed petitions for adjudication of wardship alleging

that minors Mys.G., A.G., Myl.G., V.G., and D.G. had been abused and/or neglected by their

parents, Anthony G. and Victoria G. Victoria G. is not a party to the present appeal. The petitions

alleged that two days earlier, Anthony G. was in a single-vehicle accident with his five children

and they were subsequently found walking on an interstate highway. Anthony G. was found

wearing only his underwear, was in an “altered mental state,” and exhibited delusional thinking.

A shelter care hearing was held that day, and the court placed the minors in the temporary

custody of the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS).

¶6 On February 3, 2021, an adjudicatory hearing was held, and the court found the

minors were neglected in that they were in an injurious environment. On March 12, 2021, the

trial court entered a dispositional order making the minors wards of the court, finding Anthony

G. unfit to care for the minors, and finding Victoria G. unfit and unwilling to care for the minors.

The court ordered that DCFS would have custody and guardianship of the minors and found the

appropriate permanency goal was return home within 12 months.

¶7 On November 15, 2021, the State filed a motion to terminate the parental rights of

Anthony G. and Victoria G. to all five minors. The petition alleged that Anthony G. was an unfit

parent because he (1) failed to make reasonable progress toward the return home of the minors

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within any nine-month period after an adjudication of neglect and (2) was unable to discharge his

parental responsibilities. The nine-month period at issue was from February 3, 2021, through

November 3, 2021.

¶8 On January 27, 2022, the trial court held a hearing on the State’s motion for

termination of parental rights. The State requested that the court take judicial notice of all court

orders filed in the minors’ cases as well as “all court reports written for these cases and filed with

the court, including the Dispositional Report, dated March 12th, 2021; the Permanency Reports

dated June 10th; September 9th; October 21, 2021, as well as the Psychological Report on

[Anthony G.] by Dr. Terri Guilford, that was submitted with the June 10th, 2021 Court Report.”

The court stated that it would take judicial notice of these items. No party voiced an objection.

¶9 Chris Powell, a child welfare specialist, testified as a witness for the State. Powell

was assigned to the case in January 2021. A service plan was already in place at that time. In

October 2021, Powell prepared a new service plan, which contained an evaluation of Anthony

G.’s progress for the prior six months. Powell stated that the service plan that had been in place

required Anthony G. to complete a parenting class and apply what he learned in the class during

his visits with his children. Anthony G. attended the sessions but did not make sufficient

progress to successfully pass the class.

¶ 10 The October 2021 service plan, which was later admitted into evidence, stated

that the final evaluation report from the parenting class indicated Anthony G. was “below

passing” in the areas of accountability, communication, self-disclosure, and attentiveness. The

evaluator stated that Anthony G. did not take responsibility for his children being in care, failed

to pay attention in class, and struggled to understand the material. Anthony G. agreed to work

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with a parenting coach after he failed to pass the parenting class, but he did not attend three out

of four scheduled meetings with the parenting coach.

¶ 11 Powell testified that Anthony G. had visitation with the children once a week for

two hours. His visits were suspended in 2021 from the end of May through the beginning of

August due to missed visits and testing positive for methamphetamine.

¶ 12 Powell also testified that Anthony G. had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder

and was required under the service plan to see a mental health counselor, a psychiatrist, and a

community support worker. Anthony G. participated in counseling during the nine-month period

in question, and he cooperated periodically with community support services. Powell explained

that the purpose of the community support services was to help Anthony G. maintain structure

and stay organized. Anthony G. “typically” met with his psychiatrist, but he did not always want

to take the prescribed medications.

¶ 13 The October 2021 service plan stated that, in July 2021, Anthony G. refused to

take his medication and displayed anger and paranoia. He missed appointments for mental health

treatment during July and August of 2021 but became more compliant with his medications and

treatment in September 2021.

¶ 14 Powell testified that in May 2021, he asked Anthony G. to undergo a

psychological evaluation to get a better understanding of his mental health and his overall

capacity to function. Powell spoke with Anthony G.’s mental health counselor, and she reported

having concerns that he was not taking his prescribed medications and was having difficulty

accepting his diagnosis. Dr. Terri Guilford performed a psychological evaluation, and her report

was filed with the trial court in June 2021. In the report, Dr. Guilford noted the importance of

Anthony G. complying with mental health treatment.

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¶ 15 Powell testified that, based on his observations, Anthony G.’s mental health was

“frequently up and down and erratic at times.” There were periods when Anthony G. would be

very agitated and paranoid. During these periods, he exhibited delusional thinking, sometimes

reporting he believed people were hacking his phone, entering his house, and stealing his mail. It

was difficult to have constructive conversations when Anthony G. was exhibiting these

symptoms.

¶ 16 Powell testified that, overall, Anthony G. had made unsatisfactory progress

toward the mental health requirements under the service plan. Between January 2021 and

November 2021, there were inconsistencies and “ups and downs” regarding Anthony G.’s

compliance with the mental health services.

¶ 17 The service plan also required Anthony G. to show stability in housing and

employment. For the majority of the nine-month period in question, Anthony G. lived in a

mobile home that had frequent problems with a lack of heat, frozen pipes, no water during the

winter, and a hole in the bathroom floor. Anthony G. allowed trash to accumulate at times.

Anthony G. was able to move into a one-bedroom apartment through the local public housing

authority. Powell testified he knew the public housing authority worked with families with

children but there were often long waitlists to get into a larger apartment. During Powell’s last

home visit, Anthony G. indicated that he had a friend living with him. Powell did a background

check on the friend, which revealed that he had a methamphetamine conviction. This concerned

Powell given Anthony G.’s history of substance abuse.

¶ 18 Powell testified that the service plan required Anthony G. to undergo a substance

abuse assessment and complete any recommended services. Anthony G. completed the

assessment, but he did not complete the recommended services. Anthony G. was also required to

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submit to random drug screening. His compliance with the drug screening was inconsistent, and

he had two drug tests that were positive for methamphetamine. The October 2021 service plan

stated that Anthony G. was noncompliant with his required substance abuse treatment in July and

August of 2021. He became more compliant starting in late August 2021, but he continued to

miss appointments.

¶ 19 Powell stated that, from February 2021 through November 2021, Anthony G. was

unable to correct any of the conditions that led to the children being removed such that the

children would be able to return home. The trial court admitted into evidence the October 2021

service plan, which indicated that Anthony G. had made unsatisfactory progress toward all of the

desired outcomes listed in the plan.

¶ 20 The trial court found Anthony G. and Victoria G. to be unfit. Regarding Anthony

G., the court stated that the State had proven by clear and convincing evidence the allegations

that Anthony G. was unfit due to his inability to discharge parental responsibilities and his failure

to make reasonable progress toward the return of the minors during the relevant time period. The

court found that Anthony made “some efforts” under the service plan but noted that “efforts do

not always translate into progress.” The court found that “there never really was any progress

made by the father toward any type of return home goal of the minors.” The court also noted that

Anthony G. had put forth inconsistent efforts “during that time period” and that his mental health

and substance abuse issues continued to interfere with his efforts.

¶ 21 The trial court subsequently found the State had proven by a preponderance of the

evidence that it was in the best interest of the minors to terminate Anthony G.’s parental rights.

This appeal followed.

¶ 22 II. ANALYSIS

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¶ 23 On appeal, Anthony G. argues the trial court erred in (1) taking judicial notice of

“the entire court file” at the termination hearing and (2) finding him unfit based on his failure to

make reasonable progress.

¶ 24 A. Judicial Notice

¶ 25 Anthony G. first argues that, at the termination hearing, the trial court erred in

taking judicial notice of “the entire court file without regard to identifying specific portions of

the file that would be relevant or admissible.” He contends the rules of evidence applied to the

unfitness portion of the termination hearing and, accordingly, the court could not consider

evidence elicited at earlier hearings where the rules of evidence did not apply. He argues that

none of the documents of which the State asked the court to take judicial notice were admissible

because they were prepared in anticipation of a permanency or dispositional hearing where the

rules of evidence did not apply.

¶ 26 However, “[i]t is well established that an appellant’s failure to raise an issue in the

circuit court results in [forfeiture] of that issue.” In re Shauntae P., 2012 IL App (1st) 112280,

¶ 93. We find that Anthony G. has forfeited this argument on appeal because he failed to object

to the court taking judicial notice of the documents at issue during the termination hearing. See

In re Z.J., 2020 IL App (2d) 190824, ¶ 50; In re Jaber W., 344 Ill. App. 3d 250, 256 (2003). In re

A.T., 197 Ill. App. 3d 821, 834 (1990).

¶ 27 B. Unfitness Based on Failure to Make Reasonable Progress

¶ 28 Anthony G. next argues that the trial court erred in finding him unfit based on his

failure to make reasonable progress toward the return of the children during any nine-month

period following the adjudication of neglect.

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¶ 29 Pursuant to section 2-29(2) of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 (705 ILCS 405/2-29

(West 2020)), the trial court may not involuntarily terminate parental rights unless it finds, by

clear and convincing evidence, that the minor’s parent is an “unfit person” as defined in section

1(D) of the Adoption Act (750 ILCS 50/1(D) (West 2020)). One of the bases upon which a

parent may be determined unfit is the parent’s failure “to make reasonable progress toward the

return of the child to the parent during any 9-month period following the adjudication of

neglected or abused minor under Section 2-3 of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987.” 750 ILCS

50/1(D)(m)(ii) (West 2020). If a service plan is in place to correct the conditions that were the

basis of the child’s removal from the parent and if those services were available, then “ ‘failure

to make reasonable progress toward the return of the child to the parent’ includes the parent’s

failure to substantially fulfill his or her obligations under the service plan and correct the

conditions that brought the child into care during any 9-month period following the

adjudication.” Id.

¶ 30 Our supreme court has held that:

“[T]he benchmark for measuring a parent’s ‘progress toward the return of the

child’ under section 1(D)(m) of the Adoption Act encompasses the parent’s

compliance with the service plans and the court’s directives, in light of the

condition which gave rise to the removal of the child, and in light of other

conditions which later become known and which would prevent the court from

returning custody of the child to the parent.” In re C.N., 196 Ill. 2d 181, 216-17

(2001).

This court has defined “reasonable progress” as follows:

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 “ ‘ “Reasonable progress” is an objective standard which exists when the court,

based on the evidence before it, can conclude that the progress being made by a

parent to comply with directives given for the return of the child is sufficiently

demonstrable and of such a quality that the court, in the near future, will be able

to order the child returned to parental custody. The court will be able to order the

child returned to parental custody in the near future because, at that point, the

parent will have fully complied with the directives previously given to the parent

in order to regain custody of the child.’ ” (Emphases in original.) In re Ta. T.,

2021 IL App (4th) 200658, ¶ 51 (quoting In re L.L.S., 218 Ill. App. 3d 444, 461

(1991)).

¶ 31 Generally, “a trial court’s finding that a parent is unfit under section 1(D) of the

Adoption Act will not be reversed on appeal unless that finding is against the manifest weight of

the evidence.” In re N.G., 2018 IL 121939, ¶ 29. “A trial court’s decision regarding a parent’s

fitness is against the manifest weight of the evidence only where the opposite conclusion is

clearly apparent.” Id.

¶ 32 Here, we find the trial court’s finding of unfitness was not against the manifest

weight of the evidence. Powell testified that Anthony G.’s compliance with the mental health

treatment requirements in the service plan was inconsistent and that his mental health was

“frequently up and down and erratic at times.” Anthony G. did not always take his prescribed

medication, and there were periods when he exhibited delusional thinking and was agitated and

paranoid. He was not compliant with substance abuse treatment from June 2021 through late

August 2021. He tested positive for methamphetamine twice during the nine-month period and

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missed some of his random drug tests. Although Anthony G. became more compliant with

substance abuse treatment in late August 2021, he still missed some appointments.

¶ 33 In addition, while Anthony G. participated in a parenting class, he did not

satisfactorily complete it. The final evaluation for the parenting class indicated that Anthony G.

had failed to adequately learn the material and that he had issues with inattentiveness. His

residence for much of the nine-month period was a mobile home which lacked a reliable heat

source leading to freezing pipes and a lack of running water in the winter. It also had a hole in

the bathroom floor. Although Anthony G. moved during the period in question, his apartment

was too small to accommodate his five children, and a friend with a drug conviction was living

with him. Powell testified that, during the nine-month period in question, Anthony G. was not

able to correct any of the conditions that led to the children being removed to the extent the

children would have been able to return home.

¶ 34 Given this evidence, the trial court could have reasonably concluded Anthony

G.’s progress was not sufficiently demonstrable or of such a quality that the court would be able

to return the children to his custody in the near future. See Ta. T., 2021 IL App (4th) 200658,

¶ 51. Accordingly, the trial court’s finding that Anthony G. had not made reasonable progress

toward the return of his children during the nine-month period from February 3, 2021, through

November 3, 2021, was not against the manifest weight of the evidence.

¶ 35 III. CONCLUSION

¶ 36 For the reasons stated, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

¶ 37 Affirmed.

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