[Cite as In re D.E., 2014-Ohio-5333.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
IN RE: D.E. C.A. No. 27368
M.E.
APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
CASE Nos. DN 13-11-0764
DN 13-11-0765
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: December 3, 2014
WHITMORE, Judge.
{¶1} Appellant, Nicole Estep (“Mother”), appeals from the judgment of the Summit
County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, denying her motion to intervene. This Court
affirms.
I
{¶2} Mother is the biological mother of D.E. and M.E. (collectively, “the Children”).
In 2009, Mother lost legal custody of the Children to her mother, the Children’s grandmother
(“Grandmother”). Subsequently, Grandmother adopted the Children, terminating Mother’s
parental rights.
{¶3} In 2013, Grandmother was hospitalized and Summit County Children’s Services
(“SCCS”) filed complaints for dependency. Hours after the complaints were filed, Grandmother
passed away. The court granted emergency custody of D.E. to SCCS and emergency custody of
M.E. to his maternal great aunt. Mother moved to intervene, and the court denied her motion.
2
Mother objected to the magistrate’s decision, but did not file transcripts of the various hearings
with the trial court. The court overruled Mother’s objections. Mother now appeals and raises
three assignments of error for our review.
II
Assignment of Error Number One
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING APPELLANT STANDING AS A
PARTY TO THE CASE[.]
{¶4} In her first assignment of error, Mother argues that the court erred in finding that
she did not have standing to intervene in the current custody case. Specifically, Mother argues
that she has standing because, although her parental rights were terminated when Grandmother
adopted the Children, she, by law, became the Children’s sibling by virtue of the adoption
statute.
{¶5} “Generally, absent an error of law, ‘the decision to adopt, reject, or modify a
magistrate’s decision lies within the discretion of the trial court and should not be reversed on
appeal absent an abuse of discretion.’” Dietrich v. Dietrich, 9th Dist. Summit No. 26919, 2014-
Ohio-4782, ¶ 10, quoting Barlow v. Barlow, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 08CA0055, 2009-Ohio-3788, ¶
5. An abuse of discretion indicates that the court’s attitude was unreasonable, arbitrary, or
unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983). In reviewing the trial
court’s adoption of a magistrate’s decision, “we consider the trial court’s action with reference to
the nature of the underlying matter.” Tabatabai v. Tabatabai, 9th Dist. Medina No. 08CA0049-
M, 2009-Ohio-3139, ¶ 18. A ruling on a motion to intervene is reviewed under an abuse of
discretion standard. State ex rel. Merrill v. Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources, 130 Ohio St.3d 30,
2011-Ohio-4612, ¶ 41.
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{¶6} “Civ.R. 24 governs intervention in civil and juvenile court cases, and provides for
two types of intervention: as of right and permissive.” In re B.O., 11th Dist. Lake No. 2011-L-
055, 2011-Ohio-6210, ¶ 39. See also In re M.N., 9th Dist. Wayne No. 07CA0088, 2008-Ohio-
3049, ¶ 5. Mother has failed to clearly articulate which type of intervention she believes she is
entitled. However, because Mother contends she “has standing and must be allowed to
participate as a party” we will construe her argument as one of an intervention as of right.
{¶7} A party seeking to intervene must adhere to the requirements of part (C) of the
rule. In re M.N. at ¶ 14. Civ.R. 24(C) requires a person filing a motion to intervene to attach “a
pleading, as defined by Civ.R. 7(A), setting forth the claim or defense for which intervention is
sought.” Mother failed to comply with Civ.R. 24(C). Notwithstanding this procedural problem,
the court, for the reasons stated below, did not abuse its discretion in denying her motion to
intervene.
{¶8} Under Civ.R. 24(A) a person shall be permitted to timely intervene in an action:
“(1) when a statute * * * confers an unconditional right to intervene; or (2) when the applicant
claims an interest relating to the property or transaction that is the subject of the action and the
applicant is so situated that the disposition of the action may as a practical matter impair or
impede the applicant’s ability to protect that interest * * *.” “A mere claim of right, however,
will not suffice.” In re M.N. at ¶ 12. A party seeking intervention as of right in a custody action
must have a legal interest in the care and custody of the child. Id. Accord In re D.T., 10th Dist.
Franklin No. 07AP-853, 2008-Ohio-2287, ¶ 9 (“Civ.R. 24(A)(2) allows intervention as of right
for parties possessing a legal interest or right in the care and custody of the child.”).
{¶9} Mother appears to argue that she has a legal interest in the care and custody of the
Children because she became a sibling to the Children when Grandmother adopted them.
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Mother concedes that her parental rights were terminated when Grandmother adopted the
Children. However, Mother argues that a new familial relationship was created between her and
the Children upon Grandmother’s adoption. According to Mother, because she is Grandmother’s
daughter and the Children are now the son and daughter of Grandmother through adoption, she is
now a sibling to the Children.
{¶10} R.C. 3107.15 details the effect of a final decree of adoption. The decree “shall
have the following effects as to all matters within the jurisdiction or before a court of this state *
* *:
(1) * * * relieve the biological * * * parents of the adopted person of all parental
rights and responsibilities, and [ ] terminate all legal relationships between the
adopted person and the adopted person’s relatives * * * so that the adopted
person thereafter is a stranger to the adopted person’s former relatives for all
purposes including inheritance and the interpretation or construction of
documents, statutes, and instruments, whether executed before or after the
adoption is decreed, which do not expressly include the person by name or by
some designation not based on a parent and child or blood relationship;
(2) To create the relationship of parent and child between petitioner and the
adopted person, as if the adopted person were a legitimate blood descendant
of the petitioner, for all purposes * * *[.]
R.C. 3107.15(A).
{¶11} In essence, Mother argues that while R.C. 3107.15(A)(1) terminated her parental
rights, R.C. 3107.15(A)(2) created a sibling relationship. Assuming without deciding that
Mother has a sibling relationship with the Children, this does not create a legal right within
Civ.R. 24(A), requiring the court to allow her to intervene as of right.
{¶12} Juv.R. 2(Y) defines necessary parties to a custody action. See In re H.W., 114
Ohio St.3d 65, 2007-Ohio-2879, ¶ 10. According to the rule, necessary parties are “a child who
is the subject of a juvenile court proceeding, the child’s spouse, if any, the child’s parent or
parents, or if the parent of a child is a child, the parent of that parent, in appropriate cases, the
5
child’s custodian, guardian, or guardian ad litem, the state, and any other person specifically
designated by the court.” Juv.R. 2(Y). The rule does not include a sibling. Mother has not cited
any law that stands for the proposition that a sibling has a legal right to the care and custody of
his or her siblings. See In re Schmidt, 25 Ohio St.3d 331, 336 (1986) (grandparents “never
obtained, through statute, court order, or other means, any legal right to custody or visitation of
their grandson.” (Emphasis sic.)). Nor has this Court discovered any such law in its research.
{¶13} To the extent that Mother argues she should have been permitted to intervene
because she stood in loco parentis, we cannot, based on the record before us, conclude that the
court abused its discretion. “[A] status of in loco parentis exists when a person undertakes the
care and control of another in the ‘absence of such supervision’ by the child’s natural parents.”
In re I.S., 9th Dist. Summit No. 23215, 2007-Ohio-47, ¶ 18, quoting In re Burmeister, 9th Dist.
Summit No. 19157, 1999 WL 241219, *4 (Apr. 14, 1999).
{¶14} The record reveals that Mother objected to the magistrate’s decision but failed to
provide the trial court with the requisite transcripts. See Juv.R. 40(D)(3)(b)(iii). While Mother
has filed transcripts in this appeal, this Court cannot consider transcripts of magistrate hearings
that were not before the trial court when it considered the objections to the magistrate’s decision.
Saipin v. Coy, 9th Dist. Summit No. 21800, 2004-Ohio-2670, ¶ 8, quoting Remington Prods. Co.
v. First Energy Servs. Corp., 9th Dist. Medina No. 03CA0005-M, 2003-Ohio-4523, ¶ 2.
{¶15} The only evidence in the record of Mother’s interaction with the Children is
printouts of photographs from Mother’s Facebook page. These photographs do not establish that
Mother undertook the care and control of the Children in the absence of Grandmother. See In re
I.S. at ¶ 18. Mother’s parental rights had previously been terminated. Since the filing of the
dependency complaints, M.E. has been cared for by his maternal great aunt and D.E. has been in
6
the custody of SCCS. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that Mother was acting in loco
parentis at any time.
{¶16} Because Mother did not establish a legal right to the care and custody of the
Children, the court did not abuse its discretion in denying her motion to intervene as of right.
Mother’s first assignment of error is overruled.
Assignment of Error Number Two
THE TRIAL COURT DID NOT HAVE SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION
TO HEAR THE COMPLAINT FILED BY SUMMIT COUNTY CHILDREN
SERVICES BOARD IN VIOLATION OF R.C. §2151.04[.]
Assignment of Error Number Three
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY NOT ADDRESSING THE COURT
APPOINTED SPECIAL ADVOCATE’S CONFLICT OF INTEREST[.]
{¶17} In her second assignment of error, Mother argues that the juvenile court did not
have jurisdiction to hear the case because: (1) Grandmother was never served with the complaint;
(2) there was no evidence of dependency at the time the complaint was filed; and (3) the probate
court has exclusive jurisdiction. In her third assignment of error, Mother argues that the court
erred when it failed to appoint counsel for D.E.
{¶18} Because we have concluded that the court did not err in denying Mother’s motion
to intervene, Mother is not a party to the case and does not have standing to challenge these
alleged errors on appeal. See In re D.S., 9th Dist. Summit No. 24554, 2009-Ohio-4658, ¶ 6-13 (a
party denied intervention may challenge on appeal the court’s denial of his or her motion to
intervene, but lacks standing to otherwise challenge the judgment).
{¶19} Mother’s second and third assignments of error are overruled.
7
III
{¶20} Mother’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Summit
County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
BETH WHITMORE
FOR THE COURT
HENSAL, P. J.
CARR, J.
CONCUR.
8
APPEARANCES:
WESLEY C. BUCHANAN, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and HEAVEN DIMARTINO, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
In re D.E.
Combined Opinion